The original 5E Design Thinking Framework
Five stages. One evolving understanding.
The framework provides a memorable pathway through human-centred problem solving while preserving the movement, iteration and uncertainty of real collaborative work.
01Engage
Listen before solvingMeet people in their context. Observe, ask and listen to uncover needs, behaviours and lived experience. Seek to understand not only what people do, but why they do it. Pay attention to emotions, motivations, challenges and workarounds that shape their daily experiences. Build empathy through genuine engagement, capture meaningful insights and uncover opportunities that might otherwise remain hidden, creating a richer foundation for innovation and problem-solving.
View Engage →02Evaluate
Make sense of evidenceFind themes, tensions and relationships. Reframe the initial issue into a focused, actionable challenge. Look beyond surface-level symptoms to uncover underlying needs, patterns and root causes. Connect insights from different sources, identify opportunities hidden within constraints and make sense of competing perspectives. Synthesize information into a clear problem statement that guides decision-making, inspires innovation and creates a shared direction for subsequent ideation, prototyping and testing activities.
View Evaluate →03Explore
Open up possibilitiesThe Explore stage encourages people to move beyond obvious answers and consider multiple pathways forward.
View Explore →04Expand
Make ideas tangibleBuild prototypes at the right level of fidelity so people can see, experience and challenge the idea. Make concepts tangible enough to spark meaningful feedback while remaining flexible enough to evolve. Use prototypes to uncover assumptions, reveal opportunities for improvement, test user reactions and explore alternatives before committing significant time, effort or resources to full-scale development and implementation.
View Expand →05Execute
Test, learn and improvePut concepts in front of users. Gather evidence, reflect, refine, and prepare a thoughtful path to implementation. Embrace experimentation as an ongoing learning process, using real-world feedback to validate assumptions, uncover opportunities, and reduce uncertainty. Measure outcomes against intended goals, iterate with purpose, and make informed decisions that strengthen the solution’s value, feasibility, desirability, and long-term impact.
View Execute →